Carcinoma urotelial de vejiga estadio T1: subestadiaje, patrones morfológicos de invasión y su significado pronóstico / Bladder urothelial carcinoma stage T1: substaging, invasion morphological patterns and its prognosis significance

Desde 1990 en que se publicaron las primeras series sobre subestadiaje, han aparecido numerosas publicaciones sobre el subnivel de invasión de los carcinomas de alto grado T1. La invasión profunda conlleva un elevado riesgo de progresión (alrededor del 30-35% de casos progresan) frente a los casos de invasión superficial por encima de la muscularis mucosae, en los que la progresión se encuentra alrededor del 10%, por lo que para la mayoría de autores vale la pena tener en cuenta los subT1, en el manejo del paciente. En esta revisión se presentan las series más exhaustivas que han valorado el subestadiaje y se valoran los diferentes métodos de efectuar esta estadificación teniendo en cuenta la dificultad inherente a las muestras que proceden de resección transuretral (RTU)

Since 1990 when the first series on substaging were published, they have published numerous publications on the invasion sublevel of high degree T1 carcinomas. The deep invasion entails a high risk of progression (around 30-35% of cases progress) as opposed to the cases of superficial invasion over “muscularis mucosae”, in which the progression is around 10%, reason why most authors consider subT1, in patient management. In this revision the more exhaustive series that have evaluated substaging are shown and also the different methods to carry out this staging considering the inherent difficulty to the samples that come from transurethral resection (RTU)

[Bladder urothelial carcinoma stage T1: substaging, invasion morphological patterns and its prognosis significance]. / Carcinoma urotelial de vejiga estadio T1: subestadiaje, patrones morfológicos de invasión y su significado pronóstico.

Since 1990 when the first series on substaging were published, they have published numerous publications on the invasion sublevel of high degree T1 carcinomas. The deep invasion entails a high risk of progression (around 30-35% of cases progress) as opposed to the cases of superficial invasion over "muscularis mucosae", in which the progression is around 10%, reason why most authors consider subT1, in patient management. In this revision the more exhaustive series that have evaluated substaging are shown and also the different methods to carry out this staging considering the inherent difficulty to the samples that come from transurethral resection (RTU).

Initial high-grade T1 urothelial cell carcinoma: feasibility and prognostic significance of lamina propria invasion microstaging (T1a/b/c) in BCG-treated and BCG-non-treated patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of depth of lamina propria invasion in initial high-grade T1 bladder tumors. Secondary aims were to evaluate the prognostic significance of concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS) and the impact of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment as well as to assess the feasibility of microstaging by pathologists in a community setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-seven tumors were available for study and were substaged according to invasion superficial to, into or beyond the muscularis mucosae (MM) (T1a, T1b, T1c). Outcomes were compared by chi-square analysis. Recurrence-free and progression-free survival estimates were obtained by Kaplan-Meier analysis. BCG treatment impact and prognostic significance of CIS were also evaluated (Cox regression). RESULTS: T1 subclassification was possible in 87% (85/97) of cases: 38 (39.1%) T1a, 10 (10.3%) T1b, and 37 (38.1%) T1c; in 12 patients (12.4%) substaging was not possible. Mean age was 66.4 years and mean follow-up was 53 months. Recurrence rates were similar for all groups. By contrast, the progression rate for deep lamina propria-invasive tumors, i.e. T1b and T1c, was 34% (16/47) in comparison to 8% (3/38) for T1a (p=0.016). Progression-free intervals were significantly different in patients with (T1b, T1c) or without (T1a) deep lamina propria involvement (p=0.003), regardless of BCG treatment (p=0.02). BCG-treated patients (67 cases) showed a slight trend towards a better outcome, but differences were not significant. CIS was associated with more than 50% of cases that progressed. On multivariate analysis, depth of invasion and CIS remained two independent prognostic factors, increasing the hazards ratio of progression to 4.47 and 3.19 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The depth of invasion in the TURB specimens is an independent prognostic factor for T1 bladder cancer even in BCG-treated patients. Associated CIS significantly increases the risk of progression in these patients. The percentage of cases that can be substaged according to the depth of lamina propria involvement increases over time with the collaboration between urologists and pathologists. Consequently, we support that routine pathological assessment of the level of MM invasion in patients with stage T1 bladder cancer should be included in the histopathological report.